Oil Analysis Guidelines*

                                          
                                         Wrist Pin Bearings
                                       Thrust Washers, Bearings, Rocker Arm Bushings 
                                          Con-rod Bearings, Main Bearings
                                           Cylinder Walls
                                   Piston Rings
Sodium (Na)                                       Additive, Coolant leak
Boron (B)                                           Additive, Coolant Leak
Aluminum (Al)                                    Pistons, Camshaft Bearings
Silicon (Si)                                         Additive, Dirt Ingress, Water Leak
Zinc (Zn)                                           Additive
Calcium (Ca)                                     Additive
Tin (Sn)                                             Bearings, Pistons
Nickel (Ni)                                          Bearings
Phosphorous (P)                                 Additive
Viscosity                                            Fuel Dilution, Oxidation, Incorrect Lube Type
Fuel Dilution                                       Fuel Injection System
Insolubles                                          Blowby, Timing, Turbo
Water                                                Heads, Liners
T.B.N                                                 Strength of Lube Oil Addpack
Oxidation                                           Overheating, Defective Lube Oil Cooler

*Note: This information is for general guidance only and the Analysis Report must be taken as the correct interpretation.